In recent developments in Erbil, Kurdistan, significant discussions have emerged regarding the integration of the Yazidi Protection Units (YBS) into Iraq’s security forces. This topic is crucial for the region, especially considering the challenges that have surrounded the YBS since its formation. Yazidi lawmaker Murad Ismael has emphasized that members of the YBS will be incorporated into various Iraqi security institutions, including the police, but will not all be facilitated into the Shiite-dominated Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF).
### Integration of YBS: A Complex Process
Ismael’s statement comes in the wake of comments made by Iraqi Prime Minister Ali al-Zaidi, who suggested that the YBS should be part of the PMF to restore federal oversight in Shingal (Sinjar). However, Ismael clarified that the integration process would not be confined solely to the PMF. “The integration process is not limited to the PMF; it involves part of it going into the police and other security institutions,” he explained. This approach aims to maintain flexibility during the transition.
The PMF, formally established in 2014 after a religious call to arms against the Islamic State (ISIS), primarily consists of Shiite militia groups. It was officially integrated into Iraq’s security framework in 2016. Over the years, while the PMF has gained significant influence, some factions have upheld close ties with Iran, often acting independently of the central government’s directives.
### Historical Context of the YBS
The origins of the YBS date back to 2007 when it emerged as a response to local security needs. Its prominence increased dramatically following the brutal ISIS assault on the Yazidi population in August 2014, which resulted in widespread atrocities and forced many Yazidis to seek refuge on Mount Shingal. During this crisis, the YBS played a crucial role in defending their community and facilitating the evacuation of thousands of trapped Yazidis, establishing itself as a significant armed group.
Despite some members integrating into the PMF, the YBS has remained a distinct entity with its own armed presence in Shingal, reflecting the community’s desire for self-defense and identity preservation. This integration process represents not only a shift in operational structure but also a gradual acceptance of the Yazidi community into broader Iraqi society.
### Future of the YBS Members
Ismael anticipates that the incorporation of the YBS will occur in stages over the next few weeks or months, indicating that a comprehensive plan is underway. He expressed hope that this agreement will revitalize Shingal’s economy and facilitate the reintegration of many YBS fighters into civilian life. Furthermore, there is an expectation for the YBS’s all-women’s force to join the Iraqi interior ministry’s Community Police.
Viyan Hababi, a senior member of the YBS women’s unit, emphasized the importance of ensuring that the integration process does not undermine the unique Yazidi identity. She stated that while they are open to collaboration with government ministries, fighters must retain their presence in Shingal to uphold their community’s character.
### Broadening Security Amidst Tensions
The backdrop against which this integration unfolds includes complex regional dynamics, particularly Turkey’s military presence in Iraq. Discussions regarding the phased turnover of Turkish military operations to the Iraqi federal government also reflect a broader intent to stabilize the region. The recent agreements achieved between various parties underscore the importance of collaboration while navigating long-standing challenges.
Overall, the unfolding integration process signifies a pivotal moment for the Yazidi community, as they strive to enhance their participation in Iraq’s governance while safeguarding their cultural identity. This development is a crucial step towards healing and rebuilding within Shingal, potentially marking a new era for the Yazidi people following years of turmoil.